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Hãy viết đoạn tóm tắt về nội dung bằng tiếng việt kích thích người mua: The AI Doctor Is In. Here’s How ChatGPT May Pave a New Era of Self-Diagnosis

Katie Sarvela was sitting in her bedroom in Nikiksi, Alaska, on top of a moose-and-bear-themed bedspread, when she entered some of her earliest symptoms into ChatGPT. 

The ones she remembers describing to the chatbot include half of her face feeling like it’s on fire, then sometimes being numb, her skin feeling wet when it’s not wet and night blindness. 

ChatGPT’s synopsis? 

“Of course it gave me the ‘I’m not a doctor, I can’t diagnose you,'” Sarvela said. But then: multiple sclerosis. An autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system. 

Now 32, Sarvela started experiencing MS symptoms when she was in her early 20s. She gradually came to suspect it was MS, but she still needed another MRI and lumbar puncture to confirm what she and her doctor suspected. While it wasn’t a diagnosis, the way ChatGPT jumped to the right conclusion amazed her and her neurologist, according to Sarvela. 

ChatGPT is an AI-powered chatbot that scrapes the internet for information and then organizes it based on which questions you ask, all served up in a conversational tone. It set off a profusion of generative AI tools throughout 2023, and the version based on the GPT-3.5 large language model is available to everyone for free. The way it can quickly synthesize information and personalize results raises the precedent set by “Dr. Google,” the researcher’s term describing the act of people looking up their symptoms online before they see a doctor. More often we call it “self-diagnosing.” 

For people like Sarvela, who’ve lived for years with mysterious symptoms before getting a proper diagnosis, having a more personalized search to bounce ideas off of may help save precious time in a health care system where long wait times, medical gaslighting, potential biases in care, and communication gaps between doctor and patient lead to years of frustration. 

But giving any tool or internet entity — including ChatGPT — any degree of power over your health has risks. A big limitation of ChatGPT’s is the chance the information it presents is made up (the term used in AI circles is “hallucinations”), which could have dangerous consequences if you take it as medical advice without consulting a doctor. But according to Dr. Karim Hanna, chief of family medicine at Tampa General Hospital and program director of the family medicine residency program at the University of South Florida, there’s no contest between the power of ChatGPT and Google search when it comes to diagnostic power. He’s teaching residents how to use ChatGPT as a tool, and while it won’t replace the need for doctors, he thinks chatbots are something patients could be using, too. 

“Patients have been using Google for a long time,” Hanna said. “Google is a search.” 

“This,” he said, meaning ChatGPT, “is so much more than a search.”

Is ‘self diagnosing‘ actually bad? 

There’s a list of caveats to keep in mind when you go down the rabbit hole of Googling a new pain, rash, symptom or condition you saw in a social media video. Or, now, popping symptoms into ChatGPT.

The first is that all health information is not created equal — there’s a difference between information published by a primary medical source like Johns Hopkins and someone’s YouTube channel, for example. Another is the possibility you could develop “cyberchondria,” or anxiety over finding information that’s not helpful, for instance diagnosing yourself with a brain tumor when your head pain is more likely from dehydration or a cluster headache. 

Arguably the biggest caveat would be the risk of false reassurance fake information. You might overlook something serious because you searched online and came to the conclusion that it’s no big deal, without ever consulting a real doctor. Importantly, “self-diagnosing” yourself with a mental health condition may bring up even more limitations, given the inherent difficulty of translating mental processes or subjective experiences into a treatable health condition. And taking something as sensitive as medication information from ChatGPT, with the caveat chatbots hallucinate, could be particularly dangerous.

But all that being said, consulting Dr. Google (or ChatGPT) for general information isn’t necessarily a bad thing, especially when you consider that being better informed about your health is largely a good thing — as long as you don’t stop at a simple internet search. In fact, researchers from Europe in 2017 found that of people who reported searching online before their doctor appointment, about half still went to the doctor. And the more frequently people consulted the internet for specific complaints, the more likely they reported reassurance.

A 2022 survey from PocketHealth, a medical imaging sharing platform, found that people who are what they refer to as “informed patients” in the survey get their health information from a variety of sources: doctors, the internet, articles and online communities. About 83% of these patients reported relying on their doctor, and roughly 74% reported relying on internet research. The survey was small and limited to PocketHealth customers, but it suggests multiple streams of information can coexist.

Lindsay Allen, a health economist and health services researcher with Northwestern University, said in an email that the internet “democratizes” medical information, but that it can also lead to anxiety and misinformation. 

“Patients often decide whether to visit urgent care, the ER, or wait for a doctor based on online information,” Allen said. “This self-triage can save time and reduce ER visits but risks misdiagnosis and underestimating serious conditions.”

Wall has multiple health conditions (“about 12,” by her account), but the one causing most of her problems is lupus, which she was diagnosed with at age 21 after years of being told “you just need a nap,” she explained with a laugh. 

Wall is the admin of the online group “Years of Misdiagnosed or Undiagnosed Medical Conditions,” where people go to share odd new symptoms, research they’ve found to help narrow down their health problems, and use each other as a resource on what to do next. Most people in the group, by Wall’s estimate, have dealt with medical gaslighting, or being disbelieved or dismissed by a doctor. Most also know where to go for research, because they have to, Wall said. 

“Being undiagnosed is a miserable situation, and people need somewhere to talk about it and get information,” she explained. Living with a health condition that hasn’t been properly treated or diagnosed forces people to be more “medically savvy,” Wall added. 

“We’ve had to do the research ourselves,” she said. These days, Wall does some of that research on ChatGPT. She finds it easier than a regular internet search because you can type questions related to lupus (“If it’s not lupus…” or “Can … happen with lupus?”) instead of having to retype, because the chatbot saves conversations. 

According to one estimate, 30 million people in the US are living with an undiagnosed disease. People who’ve lived for years with a health problem and no real answers may benefit most from new tools that allow doctors more access to information on complicated patient cases. 

How to use AI at your next doctor’s appointment 

Based on the advice of the doctors we spoke with, below are some examples of how you can use ChatGPT in preparation for your next doctor’s appointment. The first example, laid out below, uses the ICE method for patients who’ve lived with chronic illness. 

You can ask ChatGPT to help you prepare for conversations you want to have with your doctor, or to learn more about alternative treatments — just remember to be specific, and to think of the chatbot as a sounding board for questions that often slip your mind or you feel hesitant to bring up. 

“I am a 50-year-old woman with prediabetes and I feel like my doctor never has time for my questions. How should I address these concerns at my next appointment?” 

“I’m 30 years old, have a family history of heart disease and am worried about my risk as I get older. What preventive measures should I ask my doctor about?” 

“The anti-anxiety medication I was prescribed isn’t helping. What other therapies or medications should I ask my doctor about?”

Even with its limitations, having a chatbot available as an additional tool may save a little energy when you need it most. Sarvela, for example, would’ve gotten her MS diagnosis with or without ChatGPT — it was all but official when she punched in her symptoms. But living as a homesteader with her husband, two children, and a farm of ducks, rabbits and chickens, she doesn’t always have the luxury of “eventually.” 

In her Instagram bio is the word “spoonie” — an insider term for people who live with chronic pain or disability, as described in “spoon theory.” The theory goes something like this: People with chronic illness start out with the same number of spoons each morning, but lose more of them throughout the day because of the amount of energy they have to expend. For example, making coffee might cost one person one spoon, but someone with chronic illness two spoons. An unproductive doctor’s visit might cost five spoons. 

In the years ahead, we’ll be watching to see how many spoons new technologies like ChatGPT may save those who need them most.

Editors’ note: CNET is using an AI engine to help create some stories. For more, see this post.

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